Accordingly replacements for these surfactants have been sought for some time. Although they are effective surfactants, APE's are increasingly coming under scrutiny for alleged adverse environmental effects. Alkyl phenol alkoxylates, especially ethoxylates (APE's), are commonly used for this purpose. Surfactants are frequently used to help in dispersing pigments used in the manufacture of paint and surface coating formulations. This invention relates to dispersions and in particular to aqueous dispersions of pigments, their production and use in paint and surface coating formulations. A paint including a pigment dispersion as claimed in claim 19. Wheren and m are each independently from 1 to 13 and p is 1 or 2 such that n+m+p is from 5 to 19 AO is an alkylene oxide residue having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms and q is from 15 to 30.Ģ0. An aqueous dispersion of an organic pigment having a BET surface area of at least 40 m 2.g −1 which includes an alcohol alkoxylate dispersant in which at least at least 40% of the alcohol alkoxylate dispersant is at least one branched primary alcohol alkoxylate of the formula (I): A paint including a pigment dispersion as claimed in claim 17.ġ9. Wheren and m are each independently from 1 to 13 and p is 1 or 2 such that n+m+p is from 5 to 19 AO is an alkylene oxide residue having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms and q is from 5 to 40.ġ8.
A aqueous dispersion of an organic pigment having a BET surface area of up to about 40 m 2.g −1 which includes an alcohol alkoxylate dispersant in which at least at least 75% of the alcohol alkoxylate dispersant is at least one branched primary alcohol alkoxylate of the formula (I): A paint including a pigment dispersion as claimed in claim 15.ġ7. A dispersion as claimed in claim 1 in the form of a primary pigment dispersion in which the amount of pigment is up to 75% of inorganic pigment or up to 55% by weight organic pigment.ġ6. A paint including a pigment dispersion as claimed in claim 13.ġ5. A dispersion as claimed in claim 1 in which the pigment is an inorganic pigment and the dispersing agent is used in an amount of from 0.02 to 10% by weight of the pigment or the pigment is an organic pigment organic pigment and the dispersing agent is used in an amount of from 0.02 to 50% by weight of the pigment or the pigment is carbon black and the dispersing agent is used in an amount of from 0.02 to 30% by weight of the pigment.ġ4. A dispersion as claimed in claim 11, wherein the molar ratio of ethylene oxide residues to propylene oxide residues is from 1:5 to 10:1.ġ3. A dispersion as claimed in claim 1, wherein AO is a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide residues.ġ2. A dispersion as claimed in claim 9, in which the proportion of branched primary alkyl compounds of the formula (I) in the dispersing agent is at least 50%.ġ1. A dispersion as claimed in claim 1, in which the proportion of branched primary alkyl compounds of the formula (I) in the dispersing agent is at least 30%.ġ0. A dispersion as claimed in claim 1, wherein q is from 5 to 25.ĩ. A dispersion as claimed in claim 1, wherein AO is a propylene oxide residue.Ĩ. A dispersion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sum n+m+p is from 7 to 17.ħ. A paint including a pigment dispersion as claimed in claim 1.Ħ. A dispersion as claimed in claim 1, which further comprises at least one other surface active agent.ĥ. A dispersion as claimed in claim 1, in which the alkylene oxide groups are ethylene oxide residues.Ĥ. A dispersion as claimed in claim 1 in which n and m are each independently at least 2 and not more than 12 p is 1 and the total number of carbon atoms in the branched alkyl residue is from 10 to 20.ģ. Wheren+m are each independently from 1 to 13 and p is 1 or 2 such that n+m+p is from 5 to 19 AO is an alkylene oxide residue having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms and q is from 5 to 40.Ģ. An aqueous dispersion of a pigment which includes as a dispersant at least one branched primary alcohol alkoxylate of the formula (I)
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